An anorectal fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like tract that forms between the anal canal or rectum and the skin surrounding the anus. It normally develops as a complication of an anal abscess, where an infection in the anal glands spreads and creates a pathway for pus to drain. Here are some key segments of anorectal fistulas:

1. Symptoms: Patients with anorectal fistulas often experience ongoing anal pain, especially during bowel movements. They may also notice drainage of pus or blood from the opening near the anus, along with swelling and redness in the affected area. You might also experience pain during bowel movements and difficulty controlling stool.
2. Causes: Anorectal fistulas commonly appear from infections in the anal glands, which can be triggered by conditions such as Crohn’s disease, sexually transmitted infections, or trauma to the anal region.
3. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of anorectal fistulas involves a thorough physical examination, maybe completed by imaging tests like MRI or endoanal ultrasound to visualize the extent and location of the fistula tract.
4. Treatment: Treatment of anorectal fistulas typically involves surgical intervention to remove the fistula tract and promote healing. Various surgical procedures may be employed, including fistulotomy, seton placement, or advancement flap procedures, depending on the complexity of the fistula and the patient’s overall health.